Understanding before action

My work explores how global and national ambitions translate into local action, and what gets in the way.

Drawing on social science, creativity and design, I work across climate action, public health, enterprise design and social innovation. Through research, design and learning, I develop ways to investigate complex situations, question assumptions and explore overlooked perspectives, helping reveal what needs to be understood before ideas can translate into meaningful action.My projects include work with the World Health Organization, Design Council and University of Bath, alongside local authorities, design practices, social enterprise and community-led initiatives.

Selected projects

These examples span different scales and contexts, from international public health communication to neighbourhood climate action. Each began with a particular question about what needed to be understood, explored or reconsidered. For example:

Why aren't our ideas and messages landing?

Design Council / Essex County Council - Place-Based Climate Action

Essex County Council was developing a Youth Climate Ambassador Network, but early research suggested climate action was not a strong priority for many students.

Rather than starting with climate messaging, I designed and demonstrated a participatory research method for council officers to use with young people aged 15–18 and their teachers. The method explored what a positive future for Essex meant to participants, and where climate action fitted within it.

Through futures exercises, storytelling and systems thinking, participants developed ten youth-led themes for climate action and voted on their five priorities.

Outcome: Ten youth-led themes and five priority areas for future engagement. The starting point shifted communication from the council’s framing of climate action to opportunities grounded in what mattered to young people and where climate action connected with their priorities.

How does our idea relate to lived experience?

Design Council / London Borough of Hounslow - Place-Based Climate Action

Hounslow's Net Zero team wanted to create the conditions for a climate-positive community. An early idea was a parklet focused on air quality, transport and access to green space, but initial conversations brought to light key social and economic conditions shaping everyday life in the neighbourhood.

I supported the team to examine the idea through design research and systems thinking, combining a ward walk, desk research and stakeholder perspectives to understand local assets, barriers and everyday routines.

This brought into view the social and economic conditions affecting people's opportunities to participate in community life, including underused green space, low incomes, long working hours and concerns about crime.

Outcome: The focus shifted from progressing a predetermined intervention based on assumed community participation to exploring what would make participation possible in the first place, in ways that also supported climate action.

What are we not seeing?

World Health Organization - Health Communication

WHO programme leaders asked me to explore whether existing graphic health warnings on cigarette packaging might be missing something, following concerns that audiences were becoming desensitised to established health-impact messaging.

I used Schwartz's Theory of Basic Human Values to analyse 574 graphic health warnings from more than 37 countries, exploring how values-based perspectives might inform more culturally relevant tobacco-control communication.

Outcome: The research generated new narratives for programme leaders to explore with country-level practitioners, both within and beyond public health. Initial findings were published in the 10th WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic (page 19).

Why can cross-sector collaboration attempts cause tension?

University of Bath / Bath & North East Somerset Council - Local Economic Development

The Living Well Now and in 2050 project explored the potential adoption of Doughnut Economics as a regional economic development strategy. Cross-city stakeholders indicated an interest in the framework, but brought different levels of knowledge, professional interests and perspectives into the room, which caused tension.

I designed a programme of learning and engagement to explore how different approaches could build a shared understanding of Doughnut Economics in a multi-stakeholder group. This included a nine-week read-along, 24 interdisciplinary workshops, a public lecture, an online knowledge-sharing group and an urban photo walk.

Outcome: The work identified practical conditions for cross-sector dialogue: informal and preparatory spaces, creative framing, sustained relationships, and ways to connect evidence, lived experience and policy goals.

What does sustainability mean for us?

Lumsden Design - Place-Based Design

Lumsden Design is an international museum, heritage and destination retail design practice, working in contexts shaped by local identity, cultural meaning and social value.

As expectations around social and environmental impact grew, the practice had an opportunity to explore how its existing connections to place could inform a broader approach to sustainability. However, the team had mostly encountered sustainability through a reductive 'eco' lens, obscuring the potential social and environmental impact of its work.

I designed and facilitated an interactive exercise to map the team's existing knowledge and experience, building a shared understanding of sustainability grounded in the internationally recognised definition of sustainable development. We then explored what was already present in the practice, what was missing and where new opportunities might lie.

Outcome: The team recognised that sustainability was closer to its existing strengths and interests than it had expected. What had initially felt like a constraint became a creative opportunity, with areas for further research and development identified to strengthen the practice's work and client communication.

What people say

“Carra is a driven, intelligent and curious colleague - when working with us at the Design Council, she helped to deliver a complex project with a range of stakeholders. She pushed participants to think deeper about the work they were aiming to deliver, and ultimately created a more meaningful process. This, in turn, led to longer-lasting outcomes.“

— Emily Whyman, Senior Programme Manager, Design Council

“I would describe Carra as rigorously creative, in that she combines systems thinking and critical thinking with the spontaneity needed for new ideas. Not many people can do this. She questions everything and because she's also a terrific person, connects with people on many levels. It's an impressive combination of skills for change-making. Working with Carra definitely made me a better designer.”

— Darren Evans, Strategic Designer and Design Council Expert

“Carra brought insight, thoughtfulness, and a deep sense of curiosity to the work we did together at the WHO on tobacco control. She approaches complex challenges with care and intellectual rigor, always seeking to understand the deeper dynamics at play. At the same time, she brings real joy and warmth to a team - Carra made a lasting impact on the work and on me personally.“

— Dr Hebe Gouda, Project Officer, World Health Organization

Talks, writing & research

Talks & Publications

  • Research Contributor, 10th WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, WHO, 2025

  • “A Different Way”, online talk, RSA South West Coffeehouse, 2024

  • “Design, differently with Communities”, visioning script and presentation, Design Council/Design for Planet, 2023

  • “Doughnut Economics: Can Bath Thrive like Amsterdam?”, public lecture, Bath Royal Literary & Scientific Institution, 2023

  • Lead Author & Book Launch Presenter, “Crafting Connections with Clothing: Values, Influence and Relationships”, Routledge, 2023

  • MSc Dissertation (Distinction), “Communicating Degrowth”, University of the West of England, 2021

  • Researcher, Author & Presenter, “All Sewn Up: Dismantling Fast Fashion Consumption as a Social Practice”, Sustainable Innovation Conference, 2021

Independent research & creative practice

Alongside commissioned work, I develop independent research methods and learning projects exploring place, social change and how people work together.Civic Sketchbook A creative practice exploring people, place and everyday life through walking, photography, writing and creative interpretation.Bridge to Belonging A research method connecting social, environmental and economic perspectives to support community cohesion at a neighbourhood scale. Developed through my MSc research, it brings hyperlocal priorities together in a shared evidence base and a set of guiding principles for sustainable development.Pre-Collaborative City An emerging learning framework exploring what needs to be understood before different perspectives are brought together to shape change.

Earlier work: Creative Learning Environments

Earlier in my career, I worked through spatial and exhibition design, exploring how physical environments could enable sustainable behaviours and make new ideas tangible.The following projects were commissioned by 100% Design for London Design Festival between 2013 and 2015. They reflect an approach that continues to shape my work today: using design to explore questions, test possibilities and create experiences that help people see things differently.

Farm Kitchen

What might the future kitchen look and feel like if we grew some of our own food indoors?A 272m² immersive design installation exploring urban food growing, smaller homes and changing relationships with food. Challenging the trend towards the future kitchen as a technology-led laboratory, the project brought planting, cooking, social space and sensory experience together.

Maker Carousel

How might designing, making and repairing in the circular economy embrace both new and old technologies?An 81m² immersive makerspace exploring the changing relationship between people, making and technology. Traditional craft, repair, prototyping, digital fabrication and smart technology were brought together to show making as an active, creative and social practice connecting past and future.

Mattergarden

How can we remember that the materials we use in the built environment come from the natural world?A 160m² immersive design installation exploring materials, making and our working relationship with nature. The environment combined emerging products and processes with activities involving natural dyes and juices from the same raw materials, making the connections between the built and natural world visible and tangible.

“A huge boost to the quality of design thinking at the show. Carra's approach to every project is in-depth, practical and passionate; working with her is always a very pleasurable experience and her ability to make things happen both creatively and practically is invaluable.”

— William Knight, former Show Director, 100% Design at London Design Festival

About

I began my career in innovation and design, founding and leading an independent practice spanning interior, furniture and spatial design, developing research-led projects exploring materials, making, emerging technologies and design in the built environment.Over time, I became increasingly interested in the evidence and wider systems behind the ideas I was developing. I completed an MSc in Sustainable Development in Practice with distinction in 2021, strengthening the research and analytical side of my practice.Today, I bring these strands together through research, design and learning work across design, public health, climate, place and social innovation.I’m particularly interested in what needs to be understood before an idea, message or intervention can work in a particular context.The more we understand the context, the clearer the next step becomes.


Pre-Collaborative City

What needs to be considered before we ask people to work together?

Place-based collaborations often begin by bringing people together around a shared ambition. But people arrive with different experiences, knowledge, priorities, language and assumptions about the situation they are trying to change.Recognising these differences - and considering what might be missing from our own view - can create better conditions for people to develop shared understanding together.

Some of the most important work may happen before everyone gets in the room.

I've been developing Pre-Collaborative City - a body of insights, methods and practical tools exploring what needs to be considered before introducing broader ideas, frameworks and ambitions into a local context, and before asking different sectors, disciplines and perspectives to work together.The thinking currently explores six areas:

01 / Arriving with a question, not a solution
Exploring why collaborative change begins with considering context, recognising different forms of knowledge and being willing to ask: “What might we be missing?”
02 / Developing shared language and definitions
Exploring how words carry different meanings, why assumptions create misunderstanding, and how shared language creates the foundation for collaboration.
03 / Finding better entry points into conversations
Exploring how to begin conversations from what already matters to people, rather than only from what matters most to us.


04 / Recognising the meanings already in place
Learning to notice the stories, identities, histories and relationships that already exist within places and communities before attempting to change them.
05 / Seeing what makes change possible
Exploring how behaviours emerge from wider systems, and how change becomes possible by understanding the conditions around them, rather than relying on good intentions alone.
06 / Learning to see before you start
Practical activities to help develop curiosity, observation and contextual understanding before considering how to engage.

I'm looking to connect with people working in this territory.

If you design, lead or support collaborative responses to complex place-based social and environmental challenges, I'd love to hear from you.I'm particularly interested in connecting with people who recognise the value of doing more of the thinking before getting everyone in the room - whether you're working in local government, research, design, academia, community development or elsewhere.I'm offering 30-minute knowledge-sharing conversations as a way to exchange experiences and perspectives.I'll also be sharing emerging tools, reflections and resources from the project as it develops.Email me or use the form, and I'll get back to you shortly.